Diffusion

Electroacoustic diffusion refers to the practice of distributing sound throughout a space using multiple loudspeakers, usually with real-time control over the sound levels, equalisation, and placement of the sound. The source material may be live performers, synthesizers, and/or stereo or multi-channel tape recordings. (Source - Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901)

Well established diffusion systems with evolved performance practice include BEAST (Birmingham Electroacoustic Sound Theatre) developed by Jonty Harrison at the University of Birmingham, UK, the acousmonium (a development of the notion of the loudspeaker orchestra), conceived and developed at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (Radio France) in the early 1970s, and the GMEBaphone, IMEB, Bourges, France.

Diffusion

La diffusion correspond à la répartition des variations de pression acoustique dans un espace donné ou au processus par lequel une onde sonore est répartie dans l'espace. Si la pression acoustique est distribuée uniformément dans un espace, le son est dit “bien diffusé”.

La diffusion du son est importante dans la conception des salles de concert, des salles de classe, des studios et de tout autre lieu semblable afin d'éviter les points morts, ces endroits où le son est faible ou ne peut être perçu clairement. (Source - Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901)

Diffusione

Corrisponde alla ripartizione delle variazioni di pressione acustica in un determinato spazio, oppure al processo per il quale un'onda sonora è distribuita nello spazio. Se la pressione acustica è distribuita uniformemente nello spazio, si dice che il suono è diffuso correttamente.

La diffusione del suono è importante nella concezione delle sale da concerto, delle aule, degli studi e di qualsiasi altro luogo simile, al fine di evitare dei pun morti, ciò quei punti dove il suono è flebile e non può essere percepito chiaramente (Fonte - Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901).

Diffusion

Electroacoustic diffusion refers to the practice of distributing sound throughout a space using multiple loudspeakers, usually with real-time control over the sound levels, equalisation, and placement of the sound. The source material may be live performers, synthesizers, and/or stereo or multi-channel tape recordings. (Source - Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901)

Well established diffusion systems with evolved performance practice include BEAST (Birmingham Electroacoustic Sound Theatre) developed by Jonty Harrison at the University of Birmingham, UK, the acousmonium (a development of the notion of the loudspeaker orchestra), conceived and developed at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (Radio France) in the early 1970s, and the GMEBaphone, IMEB, Bourges, France.

Difusión

La difusión electroacústica se refiere a la práctica de distribución del sonido a través de un espacio empleando múltiples altavoces, usualmente con un control en tiempo real sobre los niveles sonoros, la ecualización, y la ubicación del sonido. El material sonoro puede provenir de intérpretes tocando en vivo, sintetizadores, y/o grabaciones en cinta estéreo o multicanal. (Fuente: Barry Truax (1999). Handbook for Acoustic Ecology. CD-ROM. Cambridge Street Publishing. CSR-CDR 9901)

Entre los sistemas de difusión de sonido más reconocidos, donde se practican avanzadas técnicas de ejecución, están: el BEAST (Birmingham Electroacoustic Sound Theatre), desarrollado por Jonty Harrison en la Universidad de Birmingham, en el Reino Unido; el Acousmonium (basado en el concepto de "orquesta de altavoces"), concebido y desarrollado por el Groupe de Recherches Musicales (en Radio France) a comienzos de los años 70; y el GMEBaphone, del IMEB, en Bourges, Francia.

References

Austin L. (2000) Sound Diffusion in Composition and Performance: An Interview with Denis Smalley
Austin L. (2001) Sound Diffusion in Composition and Performance Practice II: An Interview with Ambrose Field
Berry R., Doherty D. (1998) Sound Diffusion of Stereo Music over a Multi Loudspeaker Sound System: From First Principles Onwards to a Successful Experiment
Buxton W., Fedorkow G., Smith K. (1978) A Computer-Controlled Sound Distribution System for the performance of Electroacoustic Music
Chion M. (1993) Le promeneur écoutant
Clozier C. (1981) The Gmebaphone Sound Diffusion Instrument
Clozier C. (2001) The Gmebaphone Concept and the Cybernéphone Instrument
Courchene K. S. (2001) A Conversation with Beatriz Ferreyra
Dack J. (2001) Diffusion as Performance
Dow R. J. (2004) Sound Diffusion and the Sonic Image
Emmerson S. (1996) ‘Local/Field': Towards a Typology of Live Electroacoustic Music
Garcia D. (2000) Body Representations in the Electroacoustic Music
Harrison J. (1998) Sound, Space, Sculpture: Some thoughts on the ‘what', ‘how' and ‘why' of sound diffusion
Loy G. (1985) About AUDIUM - A Conversation with Stanley Shaff
MacDonald A. (1998) Performance Practice in the Presentation of Electroacoustic Music
Malham D. G. (2001) Toward Reality Equivalence in Spatial Sound Diffusion
Moore A., Moore D., Mooney J. (2004) M2 Diffusion - The Live Diffusion of Sound in Space
Morrill D. (1981) Loudspeakers and Performers: Some Problems and Proposals
Morrill D. (1981) Loudspeakers and Performers: Some Problems and Proposals
Tutschku H. (2002) On the Interpretation of Multi-Channel Electroacoustic Works on Loudspeaker-Orchestras: Some thought on the GRM-Acousmonium and BEAST